AGP is short for Accelerated Graphics Port. It was designed in 1997 as a successor to PCI-type connections. AGP is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D graphics.
AGP is commonly used for games that require the image displayed on the monitor is calculated from a data stream, rather than simply passed through the computer like a television signal.
The AGP channel is 32-bit wide and runs at 66 MHz This translates into a total bandwidth of 266 MBps, which is much greater than the PCI bandwidth of up to 133 MBps. AGP also supports two optional faster modes, with a throughput of 533 MBps and 1.07 GBps.
The AGP bus has three types of slots: one called Universal which allows both 1.5V and 3.3V boards to be installed; another one that only allows 3.3V boards to be installed; and another one that should only be used by 1.5V video cards.
In 1998, AGP Pro was created. AGP Pro defined a larger slot, with more voltage pins, for high-consumption 3D video cards. In 2004, AGP was replaced by PCI Express. PCI-Express is the fastest and supports high-end resolutions for gaming systems.
An ExpressCard is an interface to allow peripheral devices to be connected to a computer, usually a laptop computer. ExpressCards is a hardware standard replacing PC cards or PCMCIA cards.
CardBus is the latest enhancement to the PCMCIA 5.0 or later. PMCIA stands for Asociación Internacional de Tarjetas de Memoria. CardBus was introduced in 1995 and present in laptops from late 1997 onward. The main purpose of CardBus was to extend the existing PCMCIA bus to allow more powerful devices, and also provide support for 32 Bit I/O.
PCMCIA is the short for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. It is pronounced as separate letters. PCMCIA is also known as PC Card.
PCMCIA was originally designed for adding memory to portable computers, the PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and is now suitable for many types of devices
The primary advantage of AGP over PCI is that it provides a dedicated pathway between the slot and the processor rather than sharing the PCI bus. In addition to a lack of contention for the bus, the point-to-point connection allows for higher clock speeds.
PCI-X is the upgraded version of PCI. It differs mainly in the fact that the PCI-X bus is 64-bits wide, and runs at higher frequencies of up to 533MHz, compared to PCI frequency that runs up to 66MHz.
AGP Pro was launched in 1998 as an AGP interface extension specification for advanced workstations. AGP Pro bus is a specification that provides a direct connection between the graphics adapter and memory.
ISA is an old technology that has been replaced by PCI, PCIe and so on. ISA slots are usually black, long and the gold contacts are large.
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